home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Encounters: The UFO Phenomenon, Exposed!
/
Encounters - The UFO Phenomenon, Exposed (1995).iso
/
misc3
/
misc075.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1995-10-20
|
3KB
|
94 lines
As mentioned in the just-prior post, I finally found some of my long-mislaid
UFO file material; while thumbing through some of the notebooks, the following
item also caught my eye.
Appearing in the _Stars and Stripes_ (a US Military newspaper), Monday,
November 26, 1962 (yes, 30+ years ago):
`` PROF SAYS BEINGS FROM OUTER SPACE HAVE VISITED EARTH
Los Angeles (AP) -- Some of the best scientific minds in the country
were stumped when a slender, dark-haired young man chalked on the
blackboard this equation:
N = R FP NE FL FI FC L
The speaker was Dr. Carl Sagan, a 28-year-old assistant professor
of astronomy at Harvard University.
His audience consisted of several hundred members of the American
Rocket Society, gathered for his luncheon address.
The equation was his way of expressing the mathematical probability
that intelligent beings from outer space have visited earth.
Sagan soberly explained that in his equation `N' stands for the
number of advanced technical civilizations in the universe possessing
the capability of interstellar communication.
`R' is the mean rate of star formation averaged over the lifetime of
the galaxy.
`FP' is the fraction of stars with planetary systems.
`NE' is the mean number of planets in each system with environments
favorable for the origin of life.
`FL' is the fraction of such planets on which life does develop.
`FI' is the fraction of such inhabited planets on which intelligent
life with manipulative abilities rises during the lifetime of the
local sun.
`FC' is the fraction of planets populated by intelligent beings on
which an advanced technical civilization rises.
And `L' is the lifetime of this technical civilization.
Sagan said information in his formula is based on current estimates
by astronomers. In making calculations, he assigned each symbol an
arbitrary numerical value.
As expressed in numbers, Sagan said, the formula means that at least
1 million of the 100 billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy have planets
which have developed civilizations capable of travel between the stars.
"Let's say that each of these civilizations sends out one interstellar
expedition per year," he said.
"That means that every star, such as our sun, would be visited at least
once every million years. In some systems where these beings found
life, they would make more frequent visits. There's a strong
probability, then, that they have visited earth every few thousand
years.
"It is not out of the question that artifacts of these visits still
exist or even that some kind of base in maintained, possibly
automatically, within the solar system, to provide continuity for
successive expeditions.
"Because of weathering and the possibility of detection and
interference by the inhabitants of earth, it would be preferable not
to erect such a base on the earth's surface. The moon seems one
reasonable alternative.
"Forthcoming photographic reconnaissance of the moon from space
vehicles -- particularly of the back -- might bear these possibilities
in mind."
At a news conference, Sagan predicted man himself would be capable of
interstellar flight at close to the speed of light "within a century
or two."
Asked if he believed in flying saucers, he said: "I do believe there
are objects which have not been identified."
''
{end of article}
Thad Floryan [ thad@btr.com, thad@cup.portal.com, thad@netcom.com ]